Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW): A Complete Guide to Stick Welding

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is a popular welding technique. It plays a very important role in the way work is done on different types of projects. Due to the simplicity and durability of SMAW Welding, it is used for small repair work to large industrial projects.

In this special blog, we will discuss in detail the types, features, uses, and advantages of Shielded Metal Arc Welding. So, let's move towards the main topic:

What is Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)?

In 1888, Nikolay Slavyanov invented the consumable metal electrode for welding. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is a type of arc welding. It uses a flux-covered electrode to join two metal pieces together. The electrode has a flux covering, which provides shielding gas to protect the weld area from atmospheric contamination. The melted metal also forms a slag on top of the weld and protects it. After welding, the slag is removed using a chipping hammer and wire brush.

• This is manual arc welding, which is done by hand.
• Other names for this welding are Manual Metal Arc Welding, Flux Shielded Arc Welding, and Stick Welding.

Working Principle of Shielded Metal Arc Welding

It works on the principle of heat generated by an electric arc. The heat produced by a consumable flux-coated electrode is used to melt the base metal and fuse it together to form a strong weld joint. It uses a flux-coated electrode which melts and acts as a filler material.

Main Parts of Shielded Metal Arc Welding:

Power Supply

A constant current output power supply is used in the Smaw Welding process, which provides constant (and never-changing) current during welding, even in the case of changes in arc distance and voltage.

Electrode

Consumable type electrodes with flux covering are used in SMAW. The electrode gives off vapours known as shielding gas and slag during the welding process.

The shielding gas protects the weld area from atmospheric contamination and the slag deposited on the molten metal. It prevents the metal from coming in contact with atmospheric gas, protecting it from oxidation (contamination).

The selection of electrodes in shielded metal arc welding depends on various factors.

• Material of the weld
• Welding conditions
• Desired properties of the weld

Electrode Holder

It is used to hold the electrode in the desired position for welding.

Welding Cables or Leads

These are the cables used to connect the electrode and the workpiece to the welding power supply. They are also called leads.

Ground Clamp

This is attached to the workpiece, and the other end is connected to the welding power supply terminal through a welding cable. This completes the circuit, and the current starts flowing.

Types of Shielded Metal Arc Welding

SMAW can be divided into different types based on the welding rods and electrodes used. Such as:

E6010 Electrode

• Used for good penetration.
• This electrode is prevalent in areas where rapid cooling occurs, such as pipeline welding.

E6013 Electrode

• General-purpose electrodes are used on lightweight structures.
• It produces welds with a better appearance and a smoother finish.

E7018 Electrode

• Suitable for strong and low hydrogen welds.
• It is mostly used in industrial works and critical structures (such as bridges and buildings).

Stainless Steel Electrodes

• These are specially made for welding stainless steel, such as E308 and E316.
• It provides corrosion resistance and is durable in high temperatures.

Features of Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Less equipment required: In this process, you need a welding machine, electrodes and a welding helmet. For this reason, it is a cheap and easy option.

Multi-position welding: SMAW can be used in flat, vertical, horizontal and overhead positions.

No need for external shielding gas: The flux-coated rod provides the necessary shield to the weld. That is why you do not need external shielding gas.

Advantages of Shielded Metal Arc Welding

• One of the key advantages of SMAW is its simplicity. It's a straightforward welding process that can be easily performed, making it a great choice for beginners.
• It can be used for welding in any condition.
• SMAW machines are lightweight and portable. It can be easily carried anywhere.
• No need for external shielding gas makes this process economical.

Where is Shielded Metal Arc Welding used?

1. Industrial construction and structures

SMAW is used in buildings, bridges, and large infrastructure projects. It is perfectly suitable for creating strong welds.

2. Pipeline welding

SMAW is used in pipeline installation and repair. Electrodes like E6010 are considered ideal electrodes for plunging into the pipeline.

3. Repair and maintenance

SMAW is a perfect option for repairing broken machinery parts. Let me tell you, it is also used to rebuild shaft rollers, guide rolls, and chain rollers for heavy vehicles and industrial equipment.

4. Marine industry

SMAW is used for welding the deck and engine parts of ships

Smaw Welding

Royal Arc is the best choice for you if you are looking for high-quality welding rods for your welding projects. Our Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) range offers a wide range of stick electrodes. These are the ideal electrodes for any industrial or repair work. Royal Arc products provide durable, strong and reliable welds.